The Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), established in the1990s to foster cross-border cooperation in the energy sector, is at a crossroads. Originally designed to attract investment in former Communist countries and facilitate energy flows to the West, the treaty has faced growing criticism for failing to align with modern policy objectives, including transit cost reduction, energy efficiency, and addressing climate change. In response, a modernization process began in 2017, culminating in the approval of a revised text in June 2022.
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